Production of cement



106. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING OR PLAST|C.

Examiner UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PRODUCTION or CEMENT Eugene J. Wechter, Speed, Ind., assignor to Louisville Cement Company, Louisville, Ky., a corporation of Kentucky No Drawing. Application May 12, 1932, I Serial No. 610,997

4 Claims. (Cl. 106-27) The present invention relates to the producand oleic acids although stearic or palmitic acid tion of cement and has for its object the produca one a so gives very good results. In facam tion of a cement having a slow set and improved fatty acid or mixture of fatty acids may be used. plastic and water-repellant properties. The presence of small amounts of fatty acid of 5 My cement possesses a special degree of plaslower melting point tends to make possible a bet- 8 0 ticity which makes it easier to work and capable ter diffusion of the acid. I have obtained exceltof having imparted thereto a better finish, and lent results by the use of mixed fatty acids obwhen set and dried the resulting cement-work tained from garbage reduEtiBfiT'I'l'ie ffifiEic l? resists moisture and is thus to a large extent may some same time that =10 immune from the effects of frost. These desirawater for the hydration of the calcium oxid is 65 ble results I obtain by a novel treatment of the added. The stirring in the hydrator is continued cement with fatty acid in conjunction with a until the water all combines, whereupon the dry hydration treatment. mass is removed from the hydrator and ground.

In the manufacture of natural cement, slow- It will be understood that the foregoing proporl5 setting properties have been imparted to the final tions are illustrative only and that they will vary 7o 1 product by mixing calcium oxid with the cement with difierent samples of cement. r and stirring in the presence of enough water to I attribute the high quality of the cement prohydrate the original and the derived calcium oxid. duced by my process to the following considera- It has been proposed to add a previously-formed tions among others: waterproofer to cement and also to add fatty acid By a e mi t to cement in processes essentially different from iggsitujn the cement instead of separately illethat herein set forth. I obtain a markedly supeparing such -saitear1.d-then-n'ietrl'l'fifif:ally mixing rior product, possessing plastic and water-repelthem with the cement, I am able to effect a much lant properties not obtainable by processes hithmore minute and uniform distribution of these erto known, by chemically forming the desired compounds throughout the body of the cement. 80 .plast ici y-' n -v n n u The hydration of the lime generates considerpoundprccmppundsjnsitmumformly throughable heat and increases the bulk of the lime. By out the cement in the process of manufacture in adding fatty acid previous to this hydration, I the novel manner hereinafter described and t advantage th of th h t d of t physiclaimed. Further, I am able to obtain th ee i mcal working of the lime. The @Lgenarates .85

prg/guenmsmihmmw fi a certain amount of steam fatty acid than is required when salts 0 fatty wmm WR they are by this means, as well as by the mechan- W1 9 c ent hen fatty and 1s ical agitation and the chemically-induced agitause ccording, to methods heretofore proposedtion produced by the reaction between the lime 90 My invention is applicable to both natural and and the water, thomugblldistributed throughout Portland cementsthe body of the cement anmrof example of the present processwhen ticle of cement where a reaction takes lace treating natural cement I may proceed as folforming correspogdmg 1 .umvgan $88 I 40 lows: Assuming that it IS desired to operate upon magnmfis of the f imagine-ca 95 a batch of one ton weight, about 1620 lbs. of At yfhenfffipagt-fiwafimf hydmfion of natural are Imxed wlth fi g i' cement in my process, the reaction between the These groundtto Sue eness a a on 0 fatty acids and cement is complete in less than of the Inn-{tum W111 pass a! 100 mesh screen The three hours. The process of hydration not only I ground mlxture 1s placed m hydrator and water generates steam carrying the fatty acids to every 1190 is added in quantlty W comp e e y particle of the cement, but also generates a tem l ium x'd and such I -2 $32; 8: Fgg J breakup perature favorable for the completion of the reaction.

I th mixture Previous to I V the alummate m e treatment with ma acid is also applicable 1 e added, referabl in t hydratlon an i :r weight of the mining where ere is no par 1a1h drationo e ment.

amount less 1 may add fatty acids of the CnH2n+1COOH, e We er may be added m (11mm Y Just $11 CnHZn-ICOOH, CnH2n-3COOH or ChH2 5COOI-I cient for the hydration of the free calcium oxid series, or mixtures thereof. I have obtained expresent. l cellent results with mixtures of palmitic, steanc When treating cements which naturally contain sufflcient lime, it may be unnecessary to add lime before h dratio I Ks stated, I prefer to use less than 1% of fatty acids. More than 1% can be added, but there is l a tendency to reduce the strength of the cement as the quantity of fatty acids is increased and at the same time the use of larger quantities of fatty acids adds materially to the cost of the cement.

The calcium content of the cement being more active than the magnesium content under hydration, the tendency is toward the formation of the calcium salts of the fatty acids. If, however, fatty acids are added in amount more than sufficient to combine with the calcium content, magngsium salts may be formed.

The partial hydration of the cement in my process, by breaking up the aluminates and hydrating the resulting calcium oxid, produces a slowsetting cement. The salts of fatty acids formed in the cement are plasticizers and water-repellants. By my method of chemically forming these salts in situ uniformly throughout the cement, I obtain a markedly superior product.

I claim:-

1. The process of treating cement which comprises adding calcium oxide to the cement and intimately mixing the same therewith, adding fatty acid in amount less than 1% by weight of the mixture, adding water in amount sufiicient to hydrate both the original and the derived calcium oxide, stirring the mixture to expedite the reaction between the calcium oxide and the water, whereby the fatty acid is distributed throughout the cement and reacts therewith to form calcium 5 salts of the said acid at the elevated temperature caused by the hydration of the calcium oxide.

2. The process of treating cement which comprises mixing together cement and quick lime in the proportions of approximately 8 to 1, grinding the mixture, adding fatty acid in amount less than 1% by weight of the mixture, adding water in amount sufficient to hydrate the added and the derived lime but insufficient to hydrate the sillcates of the cement, stirring the mixture and reacting the water with the lime and the cement with the fatty acid.

3. The process of treating cement containing free calcium oxide which comprises adding fatty acid to such cement, adding water in amount sufficient to hydrate the free and the derived calcium oxide but insufficient to hydrate the silicates of the cement, hydrating the calcium oxide and simultaneously reacting the fatty acid with the cement at an elevated temperature resulting from the hydration of the calcium oxide, and forming a calcium salt of a fatty acid within and throughout the body of the cement.

4. The process of treating cement which contains free calcium oxide which comprises adding fatty acid to such cement in amount less than 1% by weight of the cement, adding water in amount sufficient to hydrate the calcium oxide but insuflicient to hydrate the silicates of the cement, distributing the fatty acid throughout the mixture by mechanical stirring and by the reactive effect of the calcium oxide and water, and effecting reaction between the fatty acid and the calcium of the cement within and throughout the body of the cement.

EUGENE J. WECHTER. 

